Mohamad Osman ¹, Nuha Nazim Hasan Sazalli ², Deny Willium ³, Faruq Golam ⁴, Arash Nezhadahmadi ⁴

Affiliations
1 Plantation and Agro technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY
2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University, Kuantan, MY
3 Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University, Kuantan, MY
4 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, MY

Abstract

Protocatechuic acid from natural sources are widely used in human health. This study focuses on the presence of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and onion peel (Allium cepa). Collection of onion peel is difficult and amount is less than 1% in onion. Moreover, Malaysia is importing 100% from overseas. On the contrary, roselle is very common in tropical Malaysia and its calyx can be dried and preserved. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to identify protocathechuic acid (PCA) from the samples. TLC was performed on 20×20 cm Silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ aluminum sheets as TLC plates with mixtures of water-methanol-formic acid as mobile phase. TLC recorded the presence of protocatechuic acid in both of the samples. HPLC analysis was performed on C-18 in 250×4.6 mm steel column with methanol-water-formic acid in 25:75:0.5 ratio as mobile phase. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min and protocatechuic acid was detected at 260 nm of wavelength. The quantities of protocatechuic acid determined by HPLC in rosselle and onion peel were 0.014 mg in 30 g of dried samples extract and 0.25 mg in 30 g of dried extract, respectively. The amount of protocatechuic acid in onion peel extract was eighteen times higher compared to Rosselle extract but considering availability of raw materials in Malaysia, roselle might be used as good source of PCA production with potential economic feasibility.

Keywords

Protocatechuic Acid, Roselle, Hibiscus Sabdariffa, Onion Peel

Full Text

   

Faruq Golam ¹, Kamilatulhusna Zaidi ¹, Arash Nezhadahmadi ¹, Mohamad Osman ²

Affiliations
1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, MY
2 Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MY

Abstract

The aim of this study was basically to develop new aromatic rice lines through integrated breeding approaches. After screening and selection of superior parental materials, F1s were raised from four different crosses (MRQ50×Gharib, MRQ50×RMB, MRQ50×RTB and MRQ50×E13) and used for haploid production through Anther culture. Phenotypic coefficient of variation % (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation % (GCV), heritability % (h2), genetic advance (GA) were estimated for yield and yield contributing traits such as for panicle length, grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight and yield per plant. In the cross MRQ50×RMB, the highest PCV was observed in grain per panicle (34.29) followed by yield per plant (31.73), 1000 grain weight (18.44), and panicle length (12.30). The same trends were occurred in cross MRQ50×RTB. The highest GCV was detected in grain per panicle (32.15) followed by yield per plant (30.90), 1000 grain weight (16.67) and panicle length (10.13). However, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, the highest GCV was obtained in yield per plant (37.89) followed by grain per panicle (30.54) and panicle length (9.33). Yield per plant was distinguished as the highest heritable trait in the cross MRQ50×RMB followed by grain per panicle (87.9), 1000 grain weight (81.7), and panicle length (67.8). On the contrary, in the cross MRQ50×RTB, this scenario was a bit different in which yield per plant was detected a highly heritable trait but the trends were different in grain per panicle, 1000 grain weight, and panicle length. Finally, the highest genetic advance was occurred in yield per plant followed by 1000 grain weight, grain per panicle, and panicle length. These trends were equal in both crosses. Study of callus induction ability of all hybrids studies showed that the best performance of callus induction was MRQ50×Gharib and N6 medium was found to be adequate for callus induction.

Keywords

Callus Induction, Haploid, Rice, Hybrid, Genetic Analysis

Full Text